It will be assumed that the student is familiar with most of the ones in the tables below. As you proceed through the text, the writing will be in terms of functional groups.
Memorizing Functional Groups ĭon't assume that you can simply skim over the functional groups and move on. Organic reactions usually take place at the functional group, so learning about the reactivities of functional groups will prepare you to understand many other things about organic chemistry. An -OH group on one molecule will tend to react similarly, although perhaps not identically, to an -OH on another molecule. Just as elements have distinctive properties, functional groups have characteristic chemistries. It could be found on any number of different molecules. A functional group makes up part of a larger molecule.įor example, -OH, the hydroxyl group that characterizes alcohols, is an oxygen with a hydrogen attached. The identification of functional groups and the ability to predict reactivity based on functional group properties is one of the cornerstones of organic chemistry.įunctional groups are specific atoms, ions, or groups of atoms having consistent properties. These parts of organic molecules are called functional groups. Fortunately, organic chemicals consist of a relatively few similar parts, combined in different ways, that allow us to predict how a compound we have never seen before may react, by comparing how other molecules containing the same types of parts are known to react. In fact, there are many times more organic compounds known than all the other (inorganic) compounds discovered so far, about 7 million organic compounds in total. The number of known organic compounds is quite large.
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